Development of modelling and scenarios for achieving the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history with around 1 million animal and plant species threatened with extinction within decades . Human activities have pushed many species to the brink of extinction and ecosystems to degradation through land- and sea-use change, overexploitation, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. Biodiversity loss is not only an environmental issue, but also a developmental, economic, security, and social one. To date, agreements to halt and reverse biodiversity loss have failed to reach the desired targets. In December 2022, the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) …

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